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Von meinem letzten Workshop-Training:
Warming-up techniques and how to cope with anxiety for public speaking.
Fear of speaking is considered by many as their number one fear,
Worse than death and divorce!
Stress can be shown in different ways- very individual. Some examples:
(making sounds with a pen, stiff body and locked arms, hands in your pockets playing with coins, eyes in the ceiling or fixed on the wall, making sounds like “aum” etc, high pitch voice.)
If you are calm and confident you will be more successful in delivering your message.
Mind – Body – Voice- Breathing
Associationexercise
Sit in pairs. Throw words to each other in a high speed tempo, without thinking. This will keep your mind fast. (Alex - Elisabeth demonstrate)
Body
Remember your posture, never excuse yourself in any way – body wise or in words.
Exercise:
Warm up your body by hitting softly on your legs, arms, back. Stretch your body and move your hips.
Feet not wider than your hips.
Your knees a bit loose. (Overstretched knees will affect your voice and make it tired –explain why)
Find your balance - knees unlocked, head up and shoulders released down.
“Happy Spot”( = in the middle of your chest) Will improve your posture Your spine straight (but watch out – shoulders loose and chin down)
Hands and arm loose so you can use them when you speak.
Look at the audience.
Voice and breathing
It’s important to keep your audience engaged when you give a presentation.
The way to do that is through the sound of your voice:
(well known factor in film making: picture = information, sound = emotions)
If you are under pressure, voice might sound:
Aggressive
Unconvincing
Bored
Emotional
Monotonous
Give the audience PASSION!
"When you are so committed to the meaning of your message, you can't contain yourself and there is no energy left for being nervous."
Your voice will automatically sound natural and strong.
Audience will remember you and your message.
Exercises:
Loosen your chin, do not clinch your jaws together. (Show how to find this relaxed chin!)
Structure
There are different models and different ways to think when you want to put your message in a form.
Again: the focus must be on your receiver. What form will engage them in your message?
A clear structure will help your message get through to your audience.
Model A:
Start - teaser
Introduction
Information part/main part
Summary and conclusion
Closing
Start:
The first impression.
Your delivery of your presentation will make it or break it, no matter how well you have prepared.
It takes just a quick glance, about 3 seconds for someone to evaluate you when you enter the stage.
In this short time your audience forms an opinion about you based on your appearance, your body language and voice, and how you are dressed.
If you are feeling uncomfortable and on edge, the audience will pick this up immediately.
Their first impression of you affects everything you say and do after these 3 seconds and the first impression is very hard to undo.
Start = 4 – 20 seconds.
What you say here must grab the participant’s attention instantly.
No explanations.
No long sentences.
No introduction of yourself or the subject – just a teaser!
EX: This coin is more than 2000 years old and guess where I found it – on the street!!!
EX: Can you imagine evacuating 50 000 people from a city in a single afternoon? The mayor of Grand Forks, North Dakota, had to do it when the Red River was rising rapidly in 1997.
EX: Sir Winston Churchill once said: “Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”
NONO: I am going to talk about…
Use:
Statement
Rhetorical question
Quote
Visual aids
Short story
Introduction:
Now it’s time for you to introduce yourself, your subject, a short background which provides enough information so everyone can understand the topic of your presentation, the main driving questions or problems.
Keep it short!
Most people decide within the first 20 sec to 2 minutes if they think you are worth listening to.
Information part/main part of the presentation:
The rule of 3:
This is the oldest of all presentations techniques.
Known about since the time of Aristotle.
People tend to remember lists of three things.
Structure your presentation around threes and it will become more memorable.
(Going to the store without a shopping list you remember 3 things – if someone calls and ask you to buy a fourth thing you will tend to forget one of the other 3)
Odds are that people will only remember three things from your presentation.
You can decide what they will be!
Plan what your 3 key messages will be.
Structure the main part of your presentation around these 3 key themes.
Use lists of 3 wherever you can in your presentation.
Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) - Julius Caesar**
"Friends, Romans, Countrymen lend me your ears" - William Shakespeare
"Our priorities are Education, Education, Education" - Tony Blair
A classic example of the rule of three was Winston Churchill's famous Blood, Sweat and Tears speech.
What he actually said was "I can promise you Blood, Sweat, Toil and Tears". Because of the rule of three we simply remember it as Blood sweat and tears.
In presentations "Less is More"
If you have four points to get across - cut one out. The audience won't remember it anyway.
In presentations less really is more. No one ever complained of a presentation being too short.
Use examples, stories and visual aids where you can.
Don’t overuse them though.
Summary and conclusion:
Be sure to tie your summary to your introduction.
Repeat the main topics and reflect, this will help your audience to remember your presentation.
Keep it short.
Time for questions.
Closing:
This is the very last thing you say. 1 – 2 sentences.
Very short.
This is a very professional way to end but not difficult.
EX: To quote Augustus last words: Acta fabula est – plaudite! The play is over – applaud!
EX: So let us go home and show leadership!
Use:
A quote
A request
Finish the same way as you started: EX; “So this is the story behind this 2000 years old coin I found on the street!”
ALWAYS finish with:
Nod!!!!! And take a small step to the side. The signal is: I am done.
Nono: Thank you for your time, this was my little presentation, I am done..
Model B: (short version)
The FISH.
Start – information part – conclusion
3 parts to your presentation!
The beginning
The middle
The end
Start to plan out what you will do in these three parts.
The beginning is ideal for an attention grabber or for an ice breaker.
The end is great to wrap things up or to end with a grand finale.
Summary:
You need a start that grabs your audience.
An information part that is well structured, the rule of 3!
The last thing you say will stay in the mind of the audience- choose carefully what you say.
Promoting your research.
What do you prefer:
a) being chased by irrelevant questions from a journalist that perhaps not know anything about your subject?
VIDEO: bicycleman
This very equal man was totally in the hand of the journalist. In my opinion; his cleaning habits at home are not relevant for the audience, but his cycling achievements would have been!
Remember: You are partly responsible for the result in the media and that the interview will be a success for both yourself, your department and the public.
The key to success
The golden rule in contact with media is:
FIRST:
When a journalist contacts you, you must have time to prepare yourself to be able to feel in control of your answers.
Ask what kind of interview it is? TV-newspaper-radio, magazine etc.
Who is the receiver? The public or specialists.
What is the topic for the interview?
What angle has the journalist in mind?
Ask to call back in 30 minutes.
PREPARATIONS!!
HOW you can help the journalist transfer your message to the public?
The journalist needs a form, a package in which he pours the information.
The main message
You have probably put your soul, blood, sweat, tears and many years into your research.
Suddenly there comes a journalist who just wants to pick the raisins out of your cake! How impolite you might think. Welcome to the media world…
Everything might not be of interest for the media or the public.
Either you decide what is relevant or, I promise you, the journalist will pick something out.
Because your material is too huge to present in an ordinary news article or
TV-report.
If you publish your research in a scientific paper, it’s a bit different, but we are here today to help you communicate through public media.
????What would you rather do?
If you help the journalist to pick something out of your research you are in control of the facts, and you will probably be quoted correctly.
Otherwise a less knowledgeable journalist will select what he likes.
Help the journalist to understand what the main message is, early in the interview.
Both by discussing the interview before it starts and when it starts, take the opportunity to promote your message in your first answer. (I will soon go into more details about this.)
Short statements
Each answer is approximately 25 – 30 seconds long.
If you talk in short sentences and not longer that 5 – 6 sentences at the time, the journalist won’t cut/edit your statements.
Remember: you won’t be able to say EVERYTHING in one answer but plan your answers and give the facts in portions.
If you then look at the total, you will probably have said everything you wanted and planned to say.
Honest, open, trustworthy and correct.
Key words in a media interview. You don’t have to, or rather, avoid the salesmen technique. Interesting facts speak for themselves.
STRATEGY
To be able to say everything you would like to say, you need to prepare.
(As we have said a hundred times by now!)
Every interview is unique; you have to prepare for each of them.
And you need a strategy in your preparations:
A very useful strategy model to pour your main message, is to answer some questions for yourself.
WHAT - HOW - WHY
WHAT:
What is relevant for the receiver, the public, and the media.
Start with the most important facts first. And the most important is from the media’s point of view – maybe not yours…
EX: The results of your research.
Alarming consequences of something you might have found in your research. Possible advices you might want to give that your research has shown.
Remember to give short answers 25 – 30 seconds.
Practise your answers loud, maybe a colleague can listen to you and give you feedback.
Maybe you need to prepare two or three different portions of “whats” to be able to cover everything you want to deliver.
HOW:
Examples to make the message comprehensible and down to earth.
Metaphors when they are suitable. Our brain likes that kind of metaphorical, imagery language.
WHY:
Give the public and media an analysis on what you have pointed out in your main message.
Prepare a why-answer which analyze the facts you have stated in the what-question.
In total you have produced a lot of information but you have given your facts a structure – a strategy, and portioned them out.
ATTITUDE
Ok, now you have prepared your information.
Next step: Prepare mentally.
Golden rule:
Never ever answer a question you think is irrelevant!
Don’t ever wait for the “right” question to come!
Be proactive!
Use techniques to avoid the question and get into your own strategy and your prepared answers.
Bridges and hooks
Bridge:
The easiest way to lead over to what you want to talk about is to use a bridge between the journalist question and your message.
EXAMPLE:
The best way to answer your question is…
Well, I would rather put it this way…
What we have to focus on is…
Far more important is…
The main question is….
I would like to add…
The main issue is…
What we have to concentrate on now is…
Far more important is to…
Etc etc etc
For most journalists the question is not so important.
Journalists seldom prepare their questions.
The question for them is just a way to start an interview.
So the journalist is not very sensitive if you choose to give him a better path to walk on, your path.
He will probably just be grateful to get some help to sort out the most relevant facts in your research, for this interview.
Hook:
A more advanced method to lure the journalist to follow your strategy.
If you end your sentence with a cliff hanger, the journalist can’t resist following up what you have just said.
EXAMPLE:
This is not number one priority in this negotiation…(STOP)
But let us not forget what the client really is interested in…. (STOP!)
And we have changed our focus radically…(STOP)
Yes, the results are astonishing but this is not all… (STOP)
I will gladly answer your question, but there is something even more fascinating with these results…. (STOP)
General tips:
Be calm.
Think before you answer.
If you need time to think or start over, just tell the journalist.
Be sure to understand what role you play with your interview. Facts or controversy.
Summary:
Keep it short
Prepare a strategy
Use bridges or hooks to lead over to your message/subject
Enjoy talking about your own research!
Preparations
Why should I prepare? Being well prepared gives you a feeling of being at ease. If you feel at ease – you are relaxed. If you are relaxed - your body language (which Alex just spoke about) changes and not only you but your public is at ease.
Feeling at ease and relaxed makes you ready to improvise, to meet your public.
What kind of preparations?
1. Basic preparations – ”research”:
b. Make sure you know in what kind of premises you will speak: big hall? small room? (You will feel differently, depending on the premise and your body language will be and be perceived differently)
c. Always check the technical facilities – what kind of microphone? Does your power point programme work? Some kind of technical staff is almost always at hand – make contact with them, they are your best friends.
Technicalities should never ever interfere with your lecture!!!!
d. When preparing your speech/lecture you have probably already taken into account what kind of public you are going to meet. (We´ll come back to this later.)
But ALSO: don´t forget to inform yourself about the situation or mood you can expect the public to be in. Can you expect them to be tired (so that you need to cheer them up)? Are they hungry? Do they want to go out smoking, visit the toilets or check their mobile phones?
Depending on what has happened before they meet you, the public will be more or less easy for you to reach. A hungry and tired public is very difficult to impress – even if your lecture is brilliant!
So make a thorough research concerning all these basic prerequisites.
2. Preparing yourself – the way you dress says a lot about yourself! Try to fit in with the public – you don´t come in jeans to an international gathering of academicians. And you don´t wear a dark suit if you are going to speak in a school. The way you dress should not be distracting for your public. This of course goes specially for the women! Try to be as neutral as possible both when it comes to dressing and make-up.
The way you dress and look should not distract the public from listening to your lecture!
Communication skills in theory.
Someone has said:
”The most important is not what you say, but how you say it.”
Might be discouraging to hear perhaps -
BUT your information will become the most important thing in your presentation if you are professional enough to integrate the what with the how!
So what do I mean by that?
Professional speakers know how to use the verbal communication and the non-verbal communication.
Verbal: words you speak.
Non-verbal: body language – voice, mimic, how you move and your posture.
EX: Listen to what I say but look how I say it:
“ I am so happy to be here today” (with an angry voice and face)
??? Which communication do you trust?
When words give you one signal but the body language gives an opposite signal, we believe more in the non-verbal communication.
The whole person is communicating with the audience:
So what we hope you will realize after this course is how powerful you as a whole person is for your presentation.
And it is actually up to YOU if your audience will become interested in what you say and remember what you have said after your presentation.
Redan de gamla grekerna…
This is old knowledge, the old Greeks used these basic skills into perfection.
There is another saying:
“The most important is not what I say but how my message is perceived by the audience.”
?????Which sense is the strongest among your five senses do you think?
Yes, your sight! Then comes the hearing.
When you give a presentation the audience will first be occupied by your appearance before they hear what you have to say.
An estimation in theory looks like this:
After you have given a presentation the audience will probably first remember your non-verbal communication, HOW you delivered your message in body language and the tone of your voice.
60% body language
30% voice
What’s left? 10 % content.
These figures are not exact of course.
The non-verbal communication is dominant and powerful.
Imagine if we can use it in combination with the facts we want to deliver.
It will be knock-out!
This is the reason we record your presentations today. The body language will be obvious for yourself when you see yourself, even if it’s perhaps not so pleasant all the time.
Communication process:
The form here is both your verbal and non-verbal communication. That is: what you say and how you say it. You as a total are the instrument on which you play.
Remember: A professional communicator is focused on the receiver and has adapted the message according to the needs of the audience.
If you stand in the way for your message;
i.e. too much and too small text in your power points
- showing anxiety
- talking too fast or in a monotone voice
- ill structured message,
It doesn’t matter what you say.
It’s easier said than done but I say it anyway, when you give your presentation:
Focus on your message! Forget yourself!
This affects your message and the audience.
Feelings are contagious!
3 E’s = Energy, Enthusiasm, Excitement (and expertise of course)
If you don’t have them – no one else will!
Summary:
Answering questions
For my own part – answering questions from the public is the best part of a lecture. It gives me a chance really to meet the public and to find out (for the next lecture) what was perceived as interesting, intriguing or simply what was not well understood.
However, if are treating a controversial subject in your lecture – be prepared to take some nasty questions too! Some of the questions you might not even understand, it could be a tough time standing there on the podium.
You may as a rule repeat the question – in order for yourself to check that you got it right and in order for the rest of the public to hear it properly. After your answer it might be polite to ask :”Did this answer your qustion?”
Never try to answer a question if you don´t know the answer! You are not a walking encyclopedia and it´s only fair to admit that you don´t know. If you are in a seminar with lots of experts you might redirect the question to the public. Maybe someone out there knows! This could also be a possibility to promote a general discussion in the audience. Take every chance to create a lively atmosphere!
If you perceive that the question is not really relevant in this occasion – ask the public if they find it ok that you answer anyway.
Sometimes people put questions which are not any questions but simply a lecture of their own. People like to show that they know something! You can act twofold. Ask the person in the public about what question he wanted to put. Or just thank him/her for this (interesting) pooint of view.
If the question is too specific and/or requires lots of in depth-knowledge, you may invite the person in the public to come up to you after the lecture is finished.
Sometimes you may run inte people putting ”nasty” questions, not because they want to know something but because the want to provoke you. Of course never fall inte the provocation trap. Take it seriously but try for instance to redirect the question to the public. If there is a possibility to counter with a joke or a smile – do that! Making people laugh always makes you a winner!
Warming-up techniques and how to cope with anxiety for public speaking.
Fear of speaking is considered by many as their number one fear,
Worse than death and divorce!
Stress can be shown in different ways- very individual. Some examples:
(making sounds with a pen, stiff body and locked arms, hands in your pockets playing with coins, eyes in the ceiling or fixed on the wall, making sounds like “aum” etc, high pitch voice.)
If you are calm and confident you will be more successful in delivering your message.
- Here are some techniques that will help you to mentally prepare, to keep your body language up-beat,
- your mind clear and fast
- and your anxiety and fear for public speaking in control.
Mind – Body – Voice- Breathing
Associationexercise
Sit in pairs. Throw words to each other in a high speed tempo, without thinking. This will keep your mind fast. (Alex - Elisabeth demonstrate)
Body
Remember your posture, never excuse yourself in any way – body wise or in words.
Exercise:
Warm up your body by hitting softly on your legs, arms, back. Stretch your body and move your hips.
Feet not wider than your hips.
Your knees a bit loose. (Overstretched knees will affect your voice and make it tired –explain why)
Find your balance - knees unlocked, head up and shoulders released down.
“Happy Spot”( = in the middle of your chest) Will improve your posture Your spine straight (but watch out – shoulders loose and chin down)
Hands and arm loose so you can use them when you speak.
Look at the audience.
Voice and breathing
It’s important to keep your audience engaged when you give a presentation.
The way to do that is through the sound of your voice:
(well known factor in film making: picture = information, sound = emotions)
If you are under pressure, voice might sound:
Aggressive
Unconvincing
Bored
Emotional
Monotonous
Give the audience PASSION!
"When you are so committed to the meaning of your message, you can't contain yourself and there is no energy left for being nervous."
Your voice will automatically sound natural and strong.
Audience will remember you and your message.
Exercises:
Loosen your chin, do not clinch your jaws together. (Show how to find this relaxed chin!)
Structure
There are different models and different ways to think when you want to put your message in a form.
Again: the focus must be on your receiver. What form will engage them in your message?
A clear structure will help your message get through to your audience.
Model A:
Start - teaser
Introduction
Information part/main part
Summary and conclusion
Closing
Start:
The first impression.
Your delivery of your presentation will make it or break it, no matter how well you have prepared.
It takes just a quick glance, about 3 seconds for someone to evaluate you when you enter the stage.
In this short time your audience forms an opinion about you based on your appearance, your body language and voice, and how you are dressed.
If you are feeling uncomfortable and on edge, the audience will pick this up immediately.
Their first impression of you affects everything you say and do after these 3 seconds and the first impression is very hard to undo.
Start = 4 – 20 seconds.
What you say here must grab the participant’s attention instantly.
No explanations.
No long sentences.
No introduction of yourself or the subject – just a teaser!
EX: This coin is more than 2000 years old and guess where I found it – on the street!!!
EX: Can you imagine evacuating 50 000 people from a city in a single afternoon? The mayor of Grand Forks, North Dakota, had to do it when the Red River was rising rapidly in 1997.
EX: Sir Winston Churchill once said: “Success is the ability to go from one failure to another with no loss of enthusiasm.”
NONO: I am going to talk about…
Use:
Statement
Rhetorical question
Quote
Visual aids
Short story
Introduction:
Now it’s time for you to introduce yourself, your subject, a short background which provides enough information so everyone can understand the topic of your presentation, the main driving questions or problems.
Keep it short!
Most people decide within the first 20 sec to 2 minutes if they think you are worth listening to.
Information part/main part of the presentation:
The rule of 3:
This is the oldest of all presentations techniques.
Known about since the time of Aristotle.
People tend to remember lists of three things.
Structure your presentation around threes and it will become more memorable.
(Going to the store without a shopping list you remember 3 things – if someone calls and ask you to buy a fourth thing you will tend to forget one of the other 3)
Odds are that people will only remember three things from your presentation.
You can decide what they will be!
Plan what your 3 key messages will be.
Structure the main part of your presentation around these 3 key themes.
Use lists of 3 wherever you can in your presentation.
Veni, Vidi, Vici (I came, I saw, I conquered) - Julius Caesar**
"Friends, Romans, Countrymen lend me your ears" - William Shakespeare
"Our priorities are Education, Education, Education" - Tony Blair
A classic example of the rule of three was Winston Churchill's famous Blood, Sweat and Tears speech.
What he actually said was "I can promise you Blood, Sweat, Toil and Tears". Because of the rule of three we simply remember it as Blood sweat and tears.
In presentations "Less is More"
If you have four points to get across - cut one out. The audience won't remember it anyway.
In presentations less really is more. No one ever complained of a presentation being too short.
Use examples, stories and visual aids where you can.
Don’t overuse them though.
Summary and conclusion:
Be sure to tie your summary to your introduction.
Repeat the main topics and reflect, this will help your audience to remember your presentation.
Keep it short.
Time for questions.
Closing:
This is the very last thing you say. 1 – 2 sentences.
Very short.
This is a very professional way to end but not difficult.
EX: To quote Augustus last words: Acta fabula est – plaudite! The play is over – applaud!
EX: So let us go home and show leadership!
Use:
A quote
A request
Finish the same way as you started: EX; “So this is the story behind this 2000 years old coin I found on the street!”
ALWAYS finish with:
Nod!!!!! And take a small step to the side. The signal is: I am done.
Nono: Thank you for your time, this was my little presentation, I am done..
Model B: (short version)
The FISH.
Start – information part – conclusion
3 parts to your presentation!
The beginning
The middle
The end
Start to plan out what you will do in these three parts.
The beginning is ideal for an attention grabber or for an ice breaker.
The end is great to wrap things up or to end with a grand finale.
Summary:
You need a start that grabs your audience.
An information part that is well structured, the rule of 3!
The last thing you say will stay in the mind of the audience- choose carefully what you say.
Promoting your research.
What do you prefer:
a) being chased by irrelevant questions from a journalist that perhaps not know anything about your subject?
- Or take the chance to promote your own research and guide the journalist into the questions that suits you and are relevant for the public?
VIDEO: bicycleman
This very equal man was totally in the hand of the journalist. In my opinion; his cleaning habits at home are not relevant for the audience, but his cycling achievements would have been!
Remember: You are partly responsible for the result in the media and that the interview will be a success for both yourself, your department and the public.
The key to success
- To understand that you have to help the journalist to make his job correct.
- You are communicating with the public who is your receiver. The journalist is just the link – a decoder of your information. But you have to encode your information that is: transfer it in a form that is attractive and comprehensible for the journalist to pass on to the receiver! (to use the terms from yesterday.)
The golden rule in contact with media is:
- Promote your information and deliver your message in an irresistible package so you get the journalist on the hook.
- You will then feel active and less nervous; you are in control over what you want to say, how you say it and when.
- You will be quoted correctly if your statements are attractive to quote.
- Everything you chose from your research to be relevant for the public will probably the journalist find interesting too and he will use it.
FIRST:
When a journalist contacts you, you must have time to prepare yourself to be able to feel in control of your answers.
Ask what kind of interview it is? TV-newspaper-radio, magazine etc.
Who is the receiver? The public or specialists.
What is the topic for the interview?
What angle has the journalist in mind?
Ask to call back in 30 minutes.
PREPARATIONS!!
HOW you can help the journalist transfer your message to the public?
The journalist needs a form, a package in which he pours the information.
The main message
You have probably put your soul, blood, sweat, tears and many years into your research.
Suddenly there comes a journalist who just wants to pick the raisins out of your cake! How impolite you might think. Welcome to the media world…
Everything might not be of interest for the media or the public.
Either you decide what is relevant or, I promise you, the journalist will pick something out.
Because your material is too huge to present in an ordinary news article or
TV-report.
If you publish your research in a scientific paper, it’s a bit different, but we are here today to help you communicate through public media.
????What would you rather do?
If you help the journalist to pick something out of your research you are in control of the facts, and you will probably be quoted correctly.
Otherwise a less knowledgeable journalist will select what he likes.
Help the journalist to understand what the main message is, early in the interview.
Both by discussing the interview before it starts and when it starts, take the opportunity to promote your message in your first answer. (I will soon go into more details about this.)
Short statements
Each answer is approximately 25 – 30 seconds long.
If you talk in short sentences and not longer that 5 – 6 sentences at the time, the journalist won’t cut/edit your statements.
Remember: you won’t be able to say EVERYTHING in one answer but plan your answers and give the facts in portions.
If you then look at the total, you will probably have said everything you wanted and planned to say.
Honest, open, trustworthy and correct.
Key words in a media interview. You don’t have to, or rather, avoid the salesmen technique. Interesting facts speak for themselves.
STRATEGY
To be able to say everything you would like to say, you need to prepare.
(As we have said a hundred times by now!)
Every interview is unique; you have to prepare for each of them.
And you need a strategy in your preparations:
A very useful strategy model to pour your main message, is to answer some questions for yourself.
WHAT - HOW - WHY
WHAT:
What is relevant for the receiver, the public, and the media.
Start with the most important facts first. And the most important is from the media’s point of view – maybe not yours…
EX: The results of your research.
Alarming consequences of something you might have found in your research. Possible advices you might want to give that your research has shown.
Remember to give short answers 25 – 30 seconds.
Practise your answers loud, maybe a colleague can listen to you and give you feedback.
Maybe you need to prepare two or three different portions of “whats” to be able to cover everything you want to deliver.
HOW:
Examples to make the message comprehensible and down to earth.
Metaphors when they are suitable. Our brain likes that kind of metaphorical, imagery language.
WHY:
Give the public and media an analysis on what you have pointed out in your main message.
Prepare a why-answer which analyze the facts you have stated in the what-question.
In total you have produced a lot of information but you have given your facts a structure – a strategy, and portioned them out.
ATTITUDE
Ok, now you have prepared your information.
Next step: Prepare mentally.
Golden rule:
Never ever answer a question you think is irrelevant!
Don’t ever wait for the “right” question to come!
Be proactive!
Use techniques to avoid the question and get into your own strategy and your prepared answers.
Bridges and hooks
Bridge:
The easiest way to lead over to what you want to talk about is to use a bridge between the journalist question and your message.
EXAMPLE:
The best way to answer your question is…
Well, I would rather put it this way…
What we have to focus on is…
Far more important is…
The main question is….
I would like to add…
The main issue is…
What we have to concentrate on now is…
Far more important is to…
Etc etc etc
For most journalists the question is not so important.
Journalists seldom prepare their questions.
The question for them is just a way to start an interview.
So the journalist is not very sensitive if you choose to give him a better path to walk on, your path.
He will probably just be grateful to get some help to sort out the most relevant facts in your research, for this interview.
Hook:
A more advanced method to lure the journalist to follow your strategy.
If you end your sentence with a cliff hanger, the journalist can’t resist following up what you have just said.
EXAMPLE:
This is not number one priority in this negotiation…(STOP)
But let us not forget what the client really is interested in…. (STOP!)
And we have changed our focus radically…(STOP)
Yes, the results are astonishing but this is not all… (STOP)
I will gladly answer your question, but there is something even more fascinating with these results…. (STOP)
General tips:
Be calm.
Think before you answer.
If you need time to think or start over, just tell the journalist.
Be sure to understand what role you play with your interview. Facts or controversy.
Summary:
Keep it short
Prepare a strategy
Use bridges or hooks to lead over to your message/subject
Enjoy talking about your own research!
Preparations
Why should I prepare? Being well prepared gives you a feeling of being at ease. If you feel at ease – you are relaxed. If you are relaxed - your body language (which Alex just spoke about) changes and not only you but your public is at ease.
Feeling at ease and relaxed makes you ready to improvise, to meet your public.
What kind of preparations?
1. Basic preparations – ”research”:
- Always check: do I have the correct adress? Correct time? (Be sure never to be late, always come well ahead of time)
b. Make sure you know in what kind of premises you will speak: big hall? small room? (You will feel differently, depending on the premise and your body language will be and be perceived differently)
c. Always check the technical facilities – what kind of microphone? Does your power point programme work? Some kind of technical staff is almost always at hand – make contact with them, they are your best friends.
Technicalities should never ever interfere with your lecture!!!!
d. When preparing your speech/lecture you have probably already taken into account what kind of public you are going to meet. (We´ll come back to this later.)
But ALSO: don´t forget to inform yourself about the situation or mood you can expect the public to be in. Can you expect them to be tired (so that you need to cheer them up)? Are they hungry? Do they want to go out smoking, visit the toilets or check their mobile phones?
Depending on what has happened before they meet you, the public will be more or less easy for you to reach. A hungry and tired public is very difficult to impress – even if your lecture is brilliant!
So make a thorough research concerning all these basic prerequisites.
2. Preparing yourself – the way you dress says a lot about yourself! Try to fit in with the public – you don´t come in jeans to an international gathering of academicians. And you don´t wear a dark suit if you are going to speak in a school. The way you dress should not be distracting for your public. This of course goes specially for the women! Try to be as neutral as possible both when it comes to dressing and make-up.
The way you dress and look should not distract the public from listening to your lecture!
Communication skills in theory.
Someone has said:
”The most important is not what you say, but how you say it.”
Might be discouraging to hear perhaps -
BUT your information will become the most important thing in your presentation if you are professional enough to integrate the what with the how!
So what do I mean by that?
Professional speakers know how to use the verbal communication and the non-verbal communication.
Verbal: words you speak.
Non-verbal: body language – voice, mimic, how you move and your posture.
EX: Listen to what I say but look how I say it:
“ I am so happy to be here today” (with an angry voice and face)
??? Which communication do you trust?
When words give you one signal but the body language gives an opposite signal, we believe more in the non-verbal communication.
The whole person is communicating with the audience:
So what we hope you will realize after this course is how powerful you as a whole person is for your presentation.
And it is actually up to YOU if your audience will become interested in what you say and remember what you have said after your presentation.
Redan de gamla grekerna…
This is old knowledge, the old Greeks used these basic skills into perfection.
There is another saying:
“The most important is not what I say but how my message is perceived by the audience.”
?????Which sense is the strongest among your five senses do you think?
Yes, your sight! Then comes the hearing.
When you give a presentation the audience will first be occupied by your appearance before they hear what you have to say.
An estimation in theory looks like this:
After you have given a presentation the audience will probably first remember your non-verbal communication, HOW you delivered your message in body language and the tone of your voice.
60% body language
30% voice
What’s left? 10 % content.
These figures are not exact of course.
The non-verbal communication is dominant and powerful.
Imagine if we can use it in combination with the facts we want to deliver.
It will be knock-out!
This is the reason we record your presentations today. The body language will be obvious for yourself when you see yourself, even if it’s perhaps not so pleasant all the time.
Communication process:
- Source – YOU
- Encoding – this is the process of transferring the information you want to communicate into a form that can be sent and correctly decoded at the other end.
The form here is both your verbal and non-verbal communication. That is: what you say and how you say it. You as a total are the instrument on which you play.
- Decoding - KNOW YOUR AUDIENCE!!!! Failure to understand who you are communicating with will result in delivering messages that are misunderstood.
- Receiver – Pay close attention to the feedback you get from your audience – verbal and non-verbal ditto. Are they with you or have you lost them on the way?
Remember: A professional communicator is focused on the receiver and has adapted the message according to the needs of the audience.
If you stand in the way for your message;
i.e. too much and too small text in your power points
- showing anxiety
- talking too fast or in a monotone voice
- ill structured message,
It doesn’t matter what you say.
It’s easier said than done but I say it anyway, when you give your presentation:
Focus on your message! Forget yourself!
- Show that you are engaged and involved in your subject and in your audience.
- You are just the form, the tin or vessel, through which you send your message.
- In the preparation stage focus on yourself, when it’s time to deliver – forget yourself.
This affects your message and the audience.
Feelings are contagious!
3 E’s = Energy, Enthusiasm, Excitement (and expertise of course)
If you don’t have them – no one else will!
Summary:
- Body and voice, involved in your message.
- If you show engagement this will be infectious! The audience will love you and therefore understand you!
- In every stage there is a risk for misunderstanding and confusion. To be an effective communicator and get your point across it’s very important to be clear, concise, accurate and well –planned. To succeed in this you need PREPARATIONS: “If you fail to prepare, you prepare to fail!”
Answering questions
For my own part – answering questions from the public is the best part of a lecture. It gives me a chance really to meet the public and to find out (for the next lecture) what was perceived as interesting, intriguing or simply what was not well understood.
However, if are treating a controversial subject in your lecture – be prepared to take some nasty questions too! Some of the questions you might not even understand, it could be a tough time standing there on the podium.
You may as a rule repeat the question – in order for yourself to check that you got it right and in order for the rest of the public to hear it properly. After your answer it might be polite to ask :”Did this answer your qustion?”
Never try to answer a question if you don´t know the answer! You are not a walking encyclopedia and it´s only fair to admit that you don´t know. If you are in a seminar with lots of experts you might redirect the question to the public. Maybe someone out there knows! This could also be a possibility to promote a general discussion in the audience. Take every chance to create a lively atmosphere!
If you perceive that the question is not really relevant in this occasion – ask the public if they find it ok that you answer anyway.
Sometimes people put questions which are not any questions but simply a lecture of their own. People like to show that they know something! You can act twofold. Ask the person in the public about what question he wanted to put. Or just thank him/her for this (interesting) pooint of view.
If the question is too specific and/or requires lots of in depth-knowledge, you may invite the person in the public to come up to you after the lecture is finished.
Sometimes you may run inte people putting ”nasty” questions, not because they want to know something but because the want to provoke you. Of course never fall inte the provocation trap. Take it seriously but try for instance to redirect the question to the public. If there is a possibility to counter with a joke or a smile – do that! Making people laugh always makes you a winner!
hab das ja nur mal 1 zu 1 abgetippt was da drauf steht
wenn ich den sherman panzer nehm wäre es auch glaube schwer gewesen einen witz zu machen (so als beispiel)
Och, da lassen sich durchaus Witze machen (z.B. über die Eigenschaft der frühen Modelle relativ schnell in Flammen aufzugehen). Aber lass' dich nicht in Versuchung führen...
ja so ein witz is echt ned so gut
vorallem wenn weiter unten auch punkte gibt wie ernst man das meint
vorallem wenn weiter unten auch punkte gibt wie ernst man das meint
Ich wollte mal als Einstieg in ein Referat über Lepra einen der typischen Leprawitze bringen und zwischendrinn nochmal darauf zurückkommen. In den Witzen wird ja typischerweise auf den Verlust von Gliedmaßen angespielt, welcher gar nicht durch Lepra verursacht wird. An der Stelle wollte ich dann mit diesem beliebten Klischee aufräumen. Leider habe ich das Referat nie gehalten.
hi leute
bin leider immer noch weiterhin auf der suche nach einem thema
und habe auch leider immer noch das selbe problem
"das wesendliche für das thema für das referat herraus filtern"
bin leider immer noch weiterhin auf der suche nach einem thema
und habe auch leider immer noch das selbe problem
"das wesendliche für das thema für das referat herraus filtern"
nehm einfach Akkuschrauber.
"Die geschichte der elektrischen Handschraubmaschine."
oder so ähnlich.
irgendwas was amn immer benutzt oder sieht und worüber man sich noch nie informiert hat.
Oder "die Geschichte der Pressefreiheit"
Halt irgendetwas alltägliches...
"Die geschichte der elektrischen Handschraubmaschine."
oder so ähnlich.
irgendwas was amn immer benutzt oder sieht und worüber man sich noch nie informiert hat.
Oder "die Geschichte der Pressefreiheit"
Halt irgendetwas alltägliches...
Denke hier kann oder sollte dir niemand/kaum jemand helfen. Ist nicht böse gemeint aber man muss sowas lernen da man das meistens irgendwann braucht.
Hm Tipps zum Aufbau etc.. sind ja schon guet genannt worden.
Zu dem was wichtig ist, oft ist es gar nicht so falsch das zu erzählen was man selbst für wichtig hält solange man sich da nicht in Details verliert.
Sowas kommt natürlich immer auf die Aufgabe an, will ich einen groben "oberflächlichen Überblick" über nehemn wir mal Elektronische Zahlung/Zahlungsmittel oder sol es detailiert was über die Vor- und Nachteile selbiger werden.
Zur Präsentation, eigener/geliehener Laptop + Beamer?
Und immer ruhig und cool bleiben, sowas ist einfacher als man denkt. Aber wenn man sich selbst zu verrückt macht hat man "quasi" schon "verloren".
Und zum Thema, der Lehrer erwartet eigentlich kaum Referate über brandneue nochniedagewesene Forschungsergebnisse, daher nimm ein Thema welches dir gefällt und dir liegt. Gerade bei deinem scheint es ja mehr um das "technische" an Referaten zu gehen als um den "Inhalt".
Zuletzt bearbeitet:
Vorteil außerdem: je spezieller dein Referatsthema, desto mehr inhaltliche Fehler werden nicht auffallen (wenn du z.B. manchmal zu sehr in's Detail gehst).
Habe heute noch ne Idee gehabt: Ölkrise aus den 1970erm
Was wars? Wann wars?
Ursachen
Auswirkungen
Parallelen zu heute
Finde ich ziemlich gut für 15 Minuten. Ansonsten kann ich Dir auch mein Promotionsreferat borgen über Isotopenanalyse und was man damit anstellen kann.
Was wars? Wann wars?
Ursachen
Auswirkungen
Parallelen zu heute
Finde ich ziemlich gut für 15 Minuten. Ansonsten kann ich Dir auch mein Promotionsreferat borgen über Isotopenanalyse und was man damit anstellen kann.
hab mir jetzt überlegt das bermuda dreieck
aufbau:
was ist das und wo liegt es
dann 1 beispiel was da passiert ist
dann die erklärung wie das passiert ist bzw passiert sein kann
und zum schluss einfach auf dem handout "weitere phänomene"
also einfach was passiert da noch und wenn am ende vom referat noch zeit ist ein beispiel für weitere der artige plätze auf der welt (gibt glaube insgesammt 3 derartige zonen)
also damit ich sicher in der zeit bleibe
klingt das realistisch?
(also zeitlich schaffbar usw)
aufbau:
was ist das und wo liegt es
dann 1 beispiel was da passiert ist
dann die erklärung wie das passiert ist bzw passiert sein kann
und zum schluss einfach auf dem handout "weitere phänomene"
also einfach was passiert da noch und wenn am ende vom referat noch zeit ist ein beispiel für weitere der artige plätze auf der welt (gibt glaube insgesammt 3 derartige zonen)
also damit ich sicher in der zeit bleibe
klingt das realistisch?
(also zeitlich schaffbar usw)
joaaa.
Ist aber schwierig mit Phänomenen zu arbeiten.
Da kann ne Menge schief gehen.
da würde ich dann mit möglichst vielen grafiken arbeiten.
Ist aber schwierig mit Phänomenen zu arbeiten.
Da kann ne Menge schief gehen.
da würde ich dann mit möglichst vielen grafiken arbeiten.
ja
als simples beispiel dacht ich mir
"warum gehen schiffe unter wenn sich das meer weiß färbt"
begründung
methan tritt aus (durch die "blubberblasen", ich weiß sollte ich besser nicht im referat sagen, färbt sich das meer weiß), die dichte des wassers sinkt, das boot geht unter
und neben phänomene, magnetfelder und nebel
und was ich sonst noch so finde
als simples beispiel dacht ich mir
"warum gehen schiffe unter wenn sich das meer weiß färbt"
begründung
methan tritt aus (durch die "blubberblasen", ich weiß sollte ich besser nicht im referat sagen, färbt sich das meer weiß), die dichte des wassers sinkt, das boot geht unter
und neben phänomene, magnetfelder und nebel
und was ich sonst noch so finde